Equipotential connections for armatures for dynamos with wave-winding.



No. 783,498. PATENTBD FEB. 28, 1905.

B. ARNOLD & I. GOLLISGHONN. EQUIPOTENTIAL oonunonons FOR ARMATURES FOR DYNAMOS APPLIOATXON FILED JUNE 8,1901,

7 BHEBT8-BHEET 1.

No. 783,498. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1965 E. ARNOLD 6: P. GOLLISOHONN. BQUIPOTBNTIAL G9TECTIONS FOR ARMATURBS FOB. DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE B11901.

'! SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

E. ARNOLD 65 P. GOLLISCHONN.

EQUIPOTBNTIAL CONNECTIONS FOR ARMATURBS FOR DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

APPLIUATIOH FILED JUNE 8,1901.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTBD FEB. 28, 1905 E. ARNOLD a; F. UGLLISCHONN.

BQUIPOTENTIAL CONNECTIONS FDR ARMATURES FOR DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

APPLIOATNH mun JUNE 8.1901.

FATFNTED FEB. 28, 1905.

E. ARNOLD a F. GOLLISOHONN EQUIPOTENTIAL GONNBOTIONS FOR ARMATURES FOR DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

547 EHEETS-BHEET 5.

No. 788,498. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. E. ARNOLD & P. GOLLISGHONN. BQUIPOTENTIAL COfiNSCTIONS FOR ARMATURES FOR DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

APPLIGATION r umn mun 8,1901.

unms-sanm a.

No. 783,49? PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. B. ARNOLD 6: F. UGLLISOHONN. EQUIPOTBNIIAL GONNBGTIONS FOR ARMATURES FOR DYNAMOS WITH WAVE WINDING.

APPLIUATIOl FILED HIKE 8, 1901.

invention.

UNITED STATES Patented February,28. 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY.

EQUIPOTENTIAL CONNECTIONS FOR ARMATURES FDR DYNAMOS WITH WAVEWlilBlNG.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,498, dated February 28, 1905;

Application tiled June 8, 1901. Serial Nn. 83,785.

To (1.26 whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ENGELBERT ARNOLD, professor, a citizen of the German Empire,residing at Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of Baden. and FRIEDEL CoLusouoNm-a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing atFranlifcrt-on-the-Main, Germany, have invented new and useful Equipotential Connections for Armatures for Dynamos with Wave-Winding, of which the following is a specification.

It is known that with continuous-current dynamos with loop-winding those nodal points of the winding or those commutator bars which have a like potential may connect with each other. These connections are called,after the name of the inventor. Mordey connections.

- The equipotential connections are used, for example, with continuous-current generators, motors, and rotary converters. The connections from the continuous-current winding to the collectors of rotary converters are always equipotential connections.

Let 3) denote the number of the pairs of poles and is the number of the commutator-bars. So

mustj-j be a whole number, and p bars,which are distant bars from each other, may be con nected with each other. The object attained by the Mordey connections is that they reduce the number of brushes, so that where the lat ter would not be got at without some diiliculty they are simply left out.

The invention here treated of consists in the employment of equipotential connections in the case of electric machines having wavewindings, with the view of aflording a means of balance to such inward currents as arise from lack of perfect symmetry or from any other reason without causing such currents to traverse the brushes, and thus give rise to the formation of electric sparks.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are schematic representations of cross connections or windings embodying the Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section through an armature embodying the Fig. 6 is a of the winding,

invention. Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional now through the commutator indicated in Fig. 5 looking toward the armature-winding.

partial longitudinal section, and Fig. 6 is a partial transverse section, of modification. Fig. 7 is a transverse section th rough an armature embodying another modification.

Fig. 8 is a partial longitudinal cross-section showing another modification, and Fig. 9 is a similar partial cross-section showing another modification.

In order to make due application of equipstential'connections in the case of wave-winding, it is necessary to observe certain conditions, which conditions are founded on the following calculations.

If a denotes the number of bifurcations of the current through sets of coils that are parallel to each other and y the so-called pitch so there are 3 commutatorspaces between the beginning and the end of an armaturecoil, and it follows y =p y= ry=g i because, as later will be stated, the number of commutatorbars which are connected with each other equals a, it is good that for the purpose of symmetry equals a whole number. 4

If f; is a whole number. then in every circuit which is formed by means of two cross connections and the armature-coil lying between the ends of the cross connections an equal number of armature-coils'is inserted against each other, so that the electromotive forces reciprocally neutralize each other; but

if is not a whole number then the inserted armature-coils are not always balanced.

H5 is a whole number then the condition is satisfied; but this condition cannot on practical grounds be always satisfied. if; is not HONN, OF

a whole number. there are two methods by which to proceed if it be wished to prevent greater unsymmetries which cause loss of energy in the cross connections.

1. j). y is madedivisible b u if 1/ is selected as suitable. -,In this case a simple closed winding is not obtained, but two or more windings independent of each other. Such a winding is termed a multiple closed winding or a multiple-series winding. The number of independent windings is equal to the common factor of 1 and (.4. If 3 is divisible by r1, then a windings closing in themselves I'. 0. a independent windings-are ob ta i ned.

2. One or several loops of a loop-winding are interposed between the wave-winding, and a simple closed winding is best to be chosen.

If 2 denotes the number of interposed loops,

the number of commutator-segments l: is then increased to Z I i l Thus Z? and must be a whole number. The pitch of the winding will be zit-* 1 To a double pole-pitch belong .tzl q 1 I commutator-segments.

The cross-pitch ;1 shall be exactly as possible an entire multiple of the double polepitch. If the letter in stands for the number of double commutator pole-spaces inclosed by a cross-pitch y then m is a whole number and we obtain pyia If from this formula we do not obtain a whole number, then it is permitted to round out y to a whole number or to a whole number plus one-halffor example, 50%. Then y is not exactly a whole multiple of the double polew my zb I.

slightly from a whole number.

pitch and is therefore slightly incorrect. This slight incorrectness can also be expressed by the statement that the value :1: may dilfer lf 2 be a whole number. all cross connections are placed on the same side of the armature; but if there are cross-pitches which are a whole number plus one-half then thecross connections are placed on the front and the hinder side of the armature. The number of the commutator-bars which may be connected with each other equals a, and the series of connections of these at bars form aclosed figure. The further condition issues therefrom that the sum of the a cross-pitches of a closed series of connections must equal 1*. Thus yql+yq2+yq3+.. i/qa l' this condition is satisfied if wi+aa+wa+......+aa p Therewith that the cross-pitches are equal as nearly as possible one to the other, we choose at equal as nearly as possible 2, so that two different values of a: shall have a maximum difference of 1. Therefore it is permitted to write n I 1 p and we get 3/ 1 (I? y :l: 1. 11.

From this formula II a whole number is immediately obtained, while from the formula I we get as well a mixed number. An example will best make this clear. Let p I 7, a I 3,3 27,2 0, lc 7. 27+3 192.

then we must go through 54 g coils, then again through 54 l g coils to find the other two points of equal potential. If we go, furthcr, through 82 ,jcoils, we return to the point from whence we started.

lnFigs. i, 2. 3, and 4 of the drawings, as exmnplmfonr windings are renresented schematically. In these figures. b and N denote the poles; A. the armature-winding; C, the connection to the commutator; K, the commutator; W, the equipotentiai connections, and B the brushes of the commutator.

For the nraclicnl construction-it is simpler to round out the mine 11- to a whole number. The formula II yields the whole number immediately. The incorrcctncss amounts in this case to two sevcnths of a commutatorspn'cc. If p is divisible by a, then this fault disamu-ars.

in Fig. l, p 6, a 3, 5 O, 1' 33;

ii. in this case will .n =1: as 2am] 3/41 Hui y: I x- 'lhercforc bar 12 with bar 124-11 23.

'lhercfore bar 23 with bar 23+ll=3-i-i. (2, to connect with bar 1. and so A completcly symmetrical arrangement of cross connections results.

. in Fig. 1 1:3, u=2,2= l,y=9;

-in this case the wnve vinding" contei ns a,

Thnsl' y u X (iri- 3 33.

luuii, so that the number of connnntator' imrs k may he dirisihiehy the nnmherof hiinrca- (ions. In the figure it. lies between the coml\llli,ilUHlmrS and i and is formed by means of the lines 30430 -5i -i. The calculation of (he cross pitch is so; follows:

V .r. 2 us 1' f I l J l m+fjlo .L. 1. 'x w:

J i jjf x l9'+, in

not F 3n. cross connections we must pa s over the conr mutntui-scgnn-nt No. 30, which is connected with the loop. \Ve connect, therefore; romso that.

(1051 segment i). we come back to the segment from which we started.

T he cross-pitches l9 and 10' always give two i cross connections which unite.

is 1. This is not absolutely noeilcd, and it is 4 also not necessary that all cross-pitches which form aclosed fig'ure and which connect a bars should be curried out. 1f the number of poles of the machine is large, that gires many possible whys of carrying out the'cross connections.

Fig. 3 gives an example of the values-.-

: scgnwnt 4 I? 21, soglnentli with segment weakened by thesnid simplification; hot in lillllilldlPSQglllLflt i with i -i-- ii! 10, connnutntor-scgnmnt 20 with 20 10 30 Unit is to say, with commutntor-segnwrit I because the svgnn-nt 30 is to be {named over. By

' maining values of u-nrc then i.

rooming in this way all the segments arecnn- Q 6 +17 23, segment 9 with segment 9 imminso 19 if) k 29, and I 'llmrcforc in designing the i'" '26 is to be connected. in Fig. 3 not all comm-lions possible are rcprescntcd. The equalizing action of the cross connections 1s many cases such action is sutiicieni. if m isj grcntcrthnn p, then from ihecnsningmnntion .m .r: .11 .'-i- .r; p it follows that utlenstu prnlncs of -nmsthe 0. All rc- Form a we obtain from formula il'ylq :i: 1 --tlmtis, two eonunumwr-bars next each other may be connected.

y i I 1 I li/qs I 0.10 1 I l.

side of the armature upward, as shown in Fig.

5, Plate 5, ordownward, as in Fig. 6; so to the armature-conductors, as in Fig. 8, between commutator and armature, as in Fig. 9, at the 'back of armature, as in Fig. 7, or in such other way as the construction of the armature will admit. Thus referring more particularly to Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, Sre'presents the armature-shaf t; A, the armature-winding;

K, the commu tator, and c the connections from the commutator sections to the armaturewindings, while the equahzmg'connections \V are shown in diflerent forms and Pelations in the different figures. In Figs. 5 and 5 the connections \V are applied on the commute.- tor behind or within the connection 0, and these connections consist of V-shaped copper strips \V, connecting together two commute tor-segments of the same potential. Thus in Fig. 5" the dark-line connection W is V- shaped and connects segment 1 with segment 92 and segment 22 with segment 43 of the commutator, These V-shaped connections WV can be supported by insulated attachments O, mounted on the armature-frame, as indicated in Figs. 5 and 5. in Figs. 6 and6' theequalizing, connections are arranged substantially the same as in Figs. 5 and 5", and all the commutator-segnn-nts of the same potential are connected by the equalizing connections with bus-rings it, which rings of course are insulated from one another and are shown as fastened to the armature-spider at O. In Fig.

' 7 the connectors \Y are applied to the armature-winding A at the back or rear end of the armature and consist of V -shaped copper strips, which are fastened to the armature at 0. These strips connect two armature-bars of the same potential. In Fig. 8 the equipotcntial connections are arranged on the lengthened armature-bars A, and it indicates an armature with radial connections between the bars. In case of very large machines the cquipotential connections \V can be arranged between the armature and commutator, as shown in Fig. 9, where the connections W are of copper strips connecting two segments of I the same potential, but are arranged radiating l internally in the opposite manner to that shown in Fig. 5, and they arejoined and supported on an insulated attachment 0.

The above drawings are suliicient to show the gcneralcharacter of our invention and various ways of embodying it in different structures, and it will be understood that we are not limited to the precise construction and arrangement of parts indicated, as these may be varied by those skilled in the art without departing from the spiritof the invention.

The invention does not lie in the peculiar coristruction of the armatures, but in the use of the equipotential connections for wave-windabove set forth.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an armature, the combination with a wave or multiple-series winding, of cross connections joining nodal points of said winding.

2. In an armature, the combination with a wave or multiple-series winding, ofcross connections between nodal points of said winding, said nodal points being separated from one another by approximately; a double-pole pitch or a. multiple thereof. i

3. In an armature, the combination with a wave or multiple-series winding, of cross connections between nodal points of said winding, said nodal points being separated from one another by approximatelyadouble pole-pitch or a multiple thereofia nd acommutatorhaving its segments connected to nodal points of saidwinding.

wave or multiple-series winding, of cross con nections between nodal points ofsaid winding, said nodal points being separated from one another by approximately a double pole-pitch or a multiple thereof, and acommutator having its segments connected to nodal-points of said winding, the distance between the centers of two of said segments corresponding to the pitch of a nodal point 5. in an armature, the combination with a wave or multiple-series winding, of cross connections between nodal points of said winding, the half numberof poles of said winding being greater than the number of bifurcations of the current through sets of armature-coils that are in parallel.

(3. In an armature, the combination with a. wave or multiple-series winding, of cross connectionshetween nodal points of said winding which lie next to one another, the half pumbcr of poles of said winding being greater than the number of bifurcations of the current tllilrough sets of armatu re-coils that'are in par a e 7. in an armature, the combination with a wave or multiple-series winding, of cross connections between nodal points of said winding, which nodal points are separated from one ings arranged and operating substantially as 4. In an armature, the combination with a.

uzumms 5 :lnnther 11, appmximatciy a double poletotal number 61 nodal points is divisible by 5 itch, or a muitiple thereof and asuflicient the number of bifurcations of the current number of loops inserted into said winding through sets of,armature-coiis that are par- "s0 that the total number of noda! points is alleLandacomrnutatoreach ofthesegmentsof 5 (livisihh: by the number of bifurcations of the which is connectemi to a'nbdal point.

current throughsetsnfarmature-coils that are In tfstimony whereof we have signed our 20 parallel. I names t6 this siaecification in the presence of 8. In an armature the combination with a two subscribing witnesses. \nu'odr muitiplc-series winding, of cross con- ENGEI'IBERT ARNOLD 0 mwtmmhetwvennmlal pomtsofsald wmdmg, FRIEDEL COLLISCHONN which nodal points are separated from one :mnl her by approximntvly ndouble pole-pitch Witnesses;

m u multiph: thereof and a snflicieilt number JACOB ADRIAN, ul' loops inserted into said winding'so that the H. W. HARRIS.- 

